Character of Water

Niagara Falls ON, Canada, originally uploaded by Serraventos's Klicks.

The Character of Water Are

As Serene as the Widow Tree

As Smooth as the skill

As Power as the Avalonche Force

With these characters then it is affecting our health......

Slice of Lemon In Water for Great Health

Do You Know Put A Slice of Lemon In Your Glass Of Water is Great for Your Health?? 

Water for Great Health of Live

red flower bud, originally uploaded by zеn.

Like The PLant's..Flower's...Animal's..
We Human too.. Need Clean Water..

Free From Pollutions

Free From Contaminations

For The Great Health of Us, All Life On The Mother Earth.

Do a little each

Second

Minute

Hour

Each Day &

Everyday...

To Protect our Environment & for Our Great Health!!

Clean Water To Bring Back Life

goldfish
Originally uploaded by Ken_Tokyo.

Looking at this picture, it take me Back to the late 50's & Early 60's, my home have two fish ponds the water is clean & clear.

There are always difference types of tropical fishs in the ponds.

Then after when the area become more populated. 1st it was the snakes.. then the fsih is allgone within half a year.

You see the industrailizations have kills life's.

We Baby bloomers' would have to clean these up for our love ones!!

Green The World.

Tulips With Rainbow Color

infinity
Originally uploaded by dEEsign photography.

Our Mother Earth

Before Industrialization is Nature Green & Colorful.

Like Our Body, The Mother Earth is Containing 75% of Water.

Today, Our Enironment are polluted, Water Contaminated, Once Our Water Resource Dry Out.

Imaging these beatiful scene can only see in Our Digital Archives.

It Would Be A sad Future for Our Heirs.

Do Something Now to Protect Our Mother Earth!!

Clean Water Need More Green

mist
Originally uploaded by alfarman.

Looking At The Beauty of Clean Water.

Is Clean & Clear!!

More Trees Have Been Cut, Mean More Pollutions;

Less Oxygen!!

We need More Trees & Green Plants To Do The Organic Filtering;

Also, More Oxygen Means More Water!!

Better Health for US All!!

Roses Can Have The Characteristic of Relaxing Mind & Cool The Heart. It is Idea To put a Few In Your Bath Tub. It is Very Refreshing. 

Keeping the Peace: Spill Capture at Niagara Falls

In 1996, when i was at the New York for conference, I took time off to visit Niagara fall.

Then It was the first time in my life that I see myself the historical landmark of nature. I did took a trip to the horseshoe fall. The views are spectacular.

I also have a close look of the cleaningness of the water ther. My impression is that the water is contaminated as I see the water is no blue or green , it is grey!!

I can understand the reason why it is grey!! As the tour barges are propelled by diesel. Overtime, there are leakage from the barges to the falls. These not only happen in Niagara Falls, it also happen in Lake Tahoe, when I last visit in 2002.

Eventhough the case study is done & spill are quickly clean of, the complete evaluations must be done & objectives must be agree to clean up the pollutions of the Niagara Fall.

Case Study: Keeping the Peace: Spill Capture at Niagara Falls
4/6/2005

The Peace Bridge Authority of Buffalo, New York and Fort Erie, Ontario completed re-construction of a Canadian truck processing yard at this busy international border crossing. The new construction called for a storm water management system to prevent environmental damage from commercial motor vehicle leaks and spills that frequently occur in such a high traffic area.

This area has a particularly fragile ecological system which include the famous Niagara Falls tourist and recreation area. Fortunately, the re-construction engineering plans specified two Stormceptor units.

On August 19, 1997, a tanker truck transiting the border was sent into Canada Customs for secondary inspection. The area for inspection is a congested holding lot in constant use. The truck suddenly developed a tank leak while in the lot. The leak was quickly cut off, but not before 400 gallons of palm oil spilled into the storm sewer system.

The two Stormceptor units trapped the oil and completely contained the spill, keeping it out of the eco-system. The storm water management system included sluice gates as a secondary containment, but the Stormceptor units fully handled the situation, and the sluice gates were not employed.
The construction superintended for the Peace Bridge Authority reported, "The spill was quickly cleaned up, including the maintenance of the two Stormceptor units (via vacuum truck).

To say the least, we are pleased at the ease of clean up and quick return to normal operation, with no damage to the environment.

Water Online News for wastewater professionals

Google Gulp -- SERO TONIC WATER

Do You Know

Think refreshing!!!!!.




Have Got into Business of Water for Great Health??

This is their Label




Here is how it look like.





Sero-Tonic Water – Just try to stay down once your synapses get a blast of this bubbly concoction whose refreshing blend of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is perfect for those moments when all your other beverage options just seem soooo depressing.

Ships No Longer Allowed to Dump Ballast -- My Recommendation; Use Alternative Energy

Yes, stop the Dumping of Ballast is a significant effort.

However, the Marines life mirgrations more then often is not what one can control. As the marine life may have caught into the shell or those structure of their ship body.

The roots of the pollution on the sea mainly due to the diesel spills or leads. I my opinion, We must take the lead to go for the clean energy on all ship within the next 5-15 years. I have been researching into these issues since I was 20th years old.. each time the ship called into dock or the port, I saw the amount of waste & those pollutions or containminations.. such as human waste, scales, paints, rusts...etc., have been dump into the sea, be it intensionally or un-intentionally.

The only way out is to convert the ship engine to the Alternative Energy. Such as Hydrogen; Solar; Wind; even Fuel Cells should be considered.

Ships No Longer Allowed to Dump Ballast
By TERENCE CHEA Associated Press Writer

SAN FRANCISCO A federal judge ruled Thursday the government can no longer allow ships to dump without a permit any ballast water containing nonnative species that could harm local ecosystems.

U.S. District Judge Susan Illston ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to immediately repeal regulations exempting ship operators from having to obtain such permits.

"This is a slam dunk for healthy oceans," said Sarah Newkirk, clean water advocate for the Washington, D.C.-based Ocean Conservancy. "The court decision will prevent a vast amount of pollutants from the shipping industry from entering U.S. waters."

EPA officials did not immediately return calls seeking comment.

In 1999, the Ocean Conservancy and four other environmental groups petitioned the EPA to repeal the ballast-water exemption. They claimed the Clean Water Act prohibits the discharge of pollutants, including biological materials - such as invasive species - into U.S. waters without a permit.

When the EPA denied the petition, the conservation groups filed a lawsuit in federal court in San Francisco in 2003.

Invasive species are known to cause significant economic and environmental damage. Marine species such as mollusks often are inadvertently transported in the ballast water of ships and discharged at ports far from their origins.

The bay's two most destructive species that originated in ballast water are Chinese mitten crabs, which clog irrigation and drinking water pipes, and Asian clams, which consume large amounts of plankton at the expense of other marine species.

Invasive species in San Francisco Bay cause more than $40 million in economic damage each year, Newkirk said.


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All Dried Up: How Clean Water is Threatened by Budget Cuts

Yesterday, the Blogger have some problem, I am unable to post articles.. I attempted to post this article 5 times but I failed. I have submit my report to the support@ blogger.com. However, I have not have any reply yet. I hope this time it works.

I have posted an article on the Clean Water Budget cut issue some few weeks back.

According to the Sierra Club:







The Cut of $500million, or 37% of funding would affect the Water Quality information & effects of Jobs.

My additonal comment is that the Health issues that our people in this country would be at a very significant Risk!!

The following is the link to the PDF version of the Full report

All Dried Up

All Dried Up: How Clean Water is Threatened by Budget Cuts

A large coalition of state and local governments, labor, construction, public health and environmental groups released a new study highlighting the effects of cuts in clean water funding the Bush administration has proposed.

Overall, the Bush administration recommended a cut of $500 million, or 37 percent, in funding to help communities construct sewage treatment systems.

"All Dried Up: How Clean Water is Threatened by Budget Cuts" provides state-specific information on the effects of these cuts, water quality information, and effects on jobs.

Clean Water - Sierra Club

Rain brings water to reservoir

You see the Green House effects have cause the Himalaya & Alps Ice cap to melt.. then the Tsuname.

Now looking at the United State here, the Green house effects have bought lots of snow & rain both in the East & the West of America.

Thailand have been having water drought very often. Although Thailand have been fronting sea but the inner country counties are of mountain terrain.

The water is importants to Thai farmer's as well , they depend on the water to produce the Rice to feed most of the Asia people. Even in USA & Cananda, the Asian be it Vietnamese, Thais, Singapore, Malaysian.. Hong Kong..Indonesian , they all like the Thai Jasmin rice.

So the water issue is not only the concern of the Thai people is the concern of the people of these connected world.

Rain brings water to reservoir
PRASIT TANGPRASERT

Nakhon Ratchasima _ Artificial rain has increased the water level in Lam Takhong reservoir in Sikhiu district by 300,000 cubic metres, but several areas in the province are still in dire need of water for both home and agricultural use.

Recent cloud-seeding operations bore fruit in the Northeast, particularly Nakhon Ratchasima, where artificial rain covered several target areas and increased the water level in Lam Takhong, a major reservoir in the province.

Nakhon Ratchasima governor Pongpayom Vasaphut said this year's drought was severe, with over 200 villages in 26 districts and six sub-districts being affected. More than 350 million litres of water had already been distributed to drought-hit areas.

Justice Minister Suwat Liptapanlop, Second Army Region commander Lt-Gen Hern Wanprasert and Mr Pongpayom yesterday jointly presided over a ceremony to release 40 water trucks each carrying 10,000-20,000 litres of water to most affected villages in Kham Thale So, Non Thai, Chakkarat, Non Sung and Chakkarat districts.

Mr Suwat said he would push the cabinet tomorrow to speed up disbursement of a 600-million-baht budget for the Department of Agricultural Extension to alleviate the hardship of affected farmers.

Mr Pongpayom said about 30-35% of agricultural areas in the province had been damaged by the drought. He has sought 607 million baht from the Agriculture Ministry to pay compensation to affected farmers.

So far 87 million baht of the governor's budget and another 124 million baht of the provincial administration organisation's budget have been spent to ease water shortage in the province.

The Second Army Region has set up 11 relief centres to distribute water.


Bangkok Post Monday 28 March 2005 - Rain brings water to reservoir

Facts About Water for The U.S. Population

These are the key findings:

Groundwater overdraft is 25% higher than its natural replenishment (Pimentel et al., 2004a).

A 1 pound loaf of bread requires about 250 gallons of water to produce the grains for the loaf.

Agriculture is the largest consumer of water in the nation, consuming approximately

Waterborne infections account for approximately 940,000 infections and approximately 900 deaths each year (Seager, 1995).

So imagine, 1 pond of bread requires 250 Gallons of Water to produce the grains of the loaf, then the water requires raise a chicken before it can be serve on the table would be at least 50 times.

I am sure you can envisage the seriousness of the the Water shortage for the Nation & also globally.

So, please save Water for Our Great Health.

Water Resources —

Fresh water is vital to maintaining all life, including crop and livestock production. The average amount of water pumped per American for personal, irrigation, and industrial use is approximately 1.7 million liters (500,000 gallons) per year.

Agriculture is the largest consumer of water in the nation, consuming approximately 80% of total pumped fresh water (Pimentel et al., 2004a).

A corn crop that produces about 9,000 kg/ha (140 bushels/acre) requires about 9 million liters/ha (1 million gallons/acre) of water. A 1 pound loaf of bread requires about 250 gallons of water to produce the grains for the loaf.

The rapid increase in water use in the U.S. is stressing both surface and groundwater resources. Currently, groundwater overdraft is 25% higher than its natural replenishment (Pimentel et al., 2004a). For example, in some regions of Arizona, water from aquifers is being pumped 10 times faster than it is being replenished (Pimentel et al., 2004a).

Associated with both surface and groundwater supplies is pollution, which causes serious public health problems.

Waterborne infections account for approximately 940,000 infections and approximately 900 deaths each year (Seager, 1995).

Nearly 40% of treated drinking water supply in the U.S. is contaminated with dangerous microorganisms (Platt, 1996).

Waterborne disease outbreaks in the U.S. are caused by microbial pollution, like E. coli, characterized by severe diarrhea and occasionally death. In addition, some ground and stream water is more than 90% polluted with significant quantities of harmful chemicals from agriculture and industry.

Approximately 80,000 different chemicals are used in the U.S. and many adversely affect human health as well as plants, animals, and microbes.

Land, Water and Energy Versus The Ideal U.S. Population

Rainbow looks at whether it could tap groundwater

These sound to be a very encouraging news. If it is implemented. It is going to be beneficial to the people in Rainbow Valley. As well as the people in Temecula area in Southern California.

However, the question is that the study on the ground water quality as well as the transportation water; then back from Southern California after filtration , the pipeline quality issues need to be look at thoroughly.

As my research found that the Pipeline with over 50 years of deposit; it can bring back the contaminations & pollutions after the filtration from Temecula.


Therfore, I hope that these issues would be addressed for the Great Health of the people.

Rainbow looks at whether it could tap groundwater
By: LORELL FLEMING - Staff Writer

FALLBROOK ---- It started out as something of a pipe dream: the idea of tapping into water collected in the Rainbow Valley Basin as a safe, reliable and locally controlled source of water.

Now, the Rainbow Municipal Water District may be inching closer to making that dream a reality and reducing the district's dependency on imported water, which makes up 100 percent of the current supply.

Armed with a $200,000 state grant and $100,000 of its own money, the district has studied rainfall totals and other data in the basin and is starting to develop a groundwater-management plan.

The initial study showed the district could extract between 1,000 and 3,000 acre-feet of water from the basin each year ---- enough to address the needs of the nearly 2,000 Rainbow district customers, said engineer Chris Trees.

Trees works for Encinitas-based Dudek & Associates, an engineering firm that contracts regularly with the district and was hired to complete the basin study. About $90,000 of the grant money has been spent so far, Trees said.

Dudek staffers are expected to finish the first draft of the groundwater plan in early April, according to Derek Reed, the Dudek engineer overseeing the project. Once the draft is complete, there will be a 30-day period for public review, as well as public workshops to discuss the plan. The district held a workshop Thursday to discuss initial findings of the study.

The Rainbow district uses about 30,000 acre-feet of water to meet the needs of its 7,100 customers in the rural pockets of North San Diego County: Fallbrook, Bonsall, Rainbow and parts of Vista.

An acre-foot is a measurement of water that is equivalent to about 326,000 gallons, about the amount of water that two families with four members would use in a year.

The next step would be to apply for another grant to do a field study, an analysis of samples from the basin's soil and groundwater, according to Reed.

Even if it is feasible to draw water from the basin, the project could take years, officials said. Public hearings must be held, environmental impacts must be studied and reports must be compiled.

Reed said it could be five to 10 years before the district draws water from the basin, which is east of Interstate 15 and west of Rainbow Mountain. The basin's southern border is Rainbow Valley Boulevard. Its northern border is where Rainbow Valley Boulevard curves to meet Old Highway 395.

Idea takes root

One of the people who pushed the Rainbow district three years ago to pursue a grant for a groundwater study was the district's former Division 5 director, Paul Christensen, Trees said.

Efforts to reach Christensen about the groundwater study that is under way were unsuccessful Thursday.

But the grant paved the way for what could be the district's first step in cutting some of its dependency on outside water agencies.

And officials such as the district's general manager, Greg Ensminger, said that finding a local source that could provide up to 10 percent of the district's water would be a coup.

"Anytime we can move away from being solely dependent on one source, that's a good thing," Ensminger said.

Water views

Division 4 Director Russ Hatfield said he is reserving judgment on the idea until he sees whether getting water from the aquifer beneath the basin, treating it, and providing it to customers would be a financial asset or liability for the district.

"What do you do after you get the water out of there?" Hatfield said. "Do you build a treatment facility to treat the water? Where is the money coming from? It could be a huge capital venture. We're using a lot of our money on infrastructure (improvements, repairs and maintenance)."

Rainbow water board President Bill Bopf, Division 3 director, said he would like to move forward with the groundwater study to get those questions answered.

"We should go through with the next phase. Get a grant, do the field study and see if this is possible," Bopf said in an interview last week. "It would be good to reduce our dependency on imported water."

Rua Petty, a Rainbow resident and vice president of his community's planning group, said that using the basin to serve Rainbow customers is an idea that might be worth exploring further.

"It might be worthwhile if it's economically viable and the science works out," Petty said during a public workshop Thursday about the groundwater study. He also said he would like to see it determined who legally has rights to the groundwater.

"It's a huge, kind of unknown, variable," Petty added.

Division 2 Director Jack Griffiths said he agrees that water rights need to be determined.

"That reinforces my fear of putting more money into this without having the legalities settled," Griffiths said during the workshop.

Water flows

All of the water that comes to the Rainbow district is imported. Rainbow gets its supply from the San Diego County Water District, which gets its supply from the Metropolitan Water District. The Colorado River and the state water project in Northern California are the sources of the Metropolitan district, which gets about 4.4 million acre-feet of water annually to distribute to local water districts and agencies, according to Metropolitan spokesman Bob Muir.

Once coming from Metropolitan's sources, the water for Rainbow goes to Lake Skinner near Temecula for treatment, then to the county water authority.

Muir said Metropolitan's board supports local districts' efforts to diversify water sources.

"That increases the pool of water available for Southern California," Muir added.

Contact staff writer Lorell Fleming at (760) 731-5798 or lfleming@nctimes.com.

North County Times - North San Diego and Southwest Riverside County columnists

Feedster Claims

No Need to Click Here - I'm just claiming my feed at Feedster

Membrane Bioreactors Technology To Turn Waste Water Into Pristine Water

As reported, New technology known as membrane bioreactors beats the compromise limit and even gets lower than the Oklahoma standard, according to manufacturers Zeon, U.S. Filter, Kubota and Mitsubishi.

The advanced treatment plant design marries typical biological processes and membrane technologies, special filters through which water is forced, removing nearly all particles and bacteria to produce nearly potable water.

"Think of it like a screen on the window. We design the membrane pour sizes, and in this case to target phosphorus," said Steve Jones, project engineer with Garver Engineers.

The technology is routinely used in the drinking water industry, mostly in coastal areas where there is limited drinking water, Jones said, and no municipality in Arkansas and Oklahoma uses the membrane technology.

Anyway, the tecnology that applied to treats Waste Water to Drinking Water must be safe & also have the "Green" or "Eco" consideration.

Always have the Water for Great Health of People in mind.

New Technology To Meet Water Standards
By Richard Dean Prudenti
The Morning News

SILOAM SPRINGS -- Clean, clear water flowing in Sager Creek through Siloam Springs could model cleanup efforts for Arkansas and Oklahoma waterways.

Advanced technology capable of turning wastewater effluent into pristine water is prompting Siloam Springs leaders to spend money to modify the wastewater treatment plant to meet Oklahoma's water quality standards.

The city must limit the phosphorus level of the water the treatment plant discharges into Sager Creek approximately 750 feet from the state line, as required by Arkansas and Oklahoma environmental agencies.

Sager Creek is a tributary of Flint Creek, which feeds the Illinois River in Oklahoma.

Oklahoma officials prefer a phosphorus level of 0.037 milligrams per liter of water but agreed to a compromise of 1 milligrams per liter after Arkansas officials argued technology could not achieve lower limits.

New technology known as membrane bioreactors beats the compromise limit and even gets lower than the Oklahoma standard, according to manufacturers Zeon, U.S. Filter, Kubota and Mitsubishi.

The advanced treatment plant design marries typical biological processes and membrane technologies, special filters through which water is forced, removing nearly all particles and bacteria to produce nearly potable water.

"Think of it like a screen on the window. We design the membrane pour sizes, and in this case to target phosphorus," said Steve Jones, project engineer with Garver Engineers.

The technology is routinely used in the drinking water industry, mostly in coastal areas where there is limited drinking water, Jones said, and no municipality in Arkansas and Oklahoma uses the membrane technology.

David Cameron, the city administrator, plans to recommend this technology during a Siloam Springs Board of Directors work session at 6:30 p.m. Tuesday in the City Administration Building at 400 N. Broadway.

Siloam Springs would be added to the list of more than 100 places in the country using the advanced technology, Jones said.

City board members first must agree to spend $3 million more than the expected $12 million needed to expand the treatment facility.

"We're not going to build a plant to barely squeak by," Cameron said. "We need assurance that we can get way below the (compromise level); otherwise, we're walking on egg shells everyday."

Several Northwest Arkansas cities have until 2009 to comply with the water quality mandate set by both states or face legal action.

Expansion in Siloam Springs must begin in early 2007 when the city will renew its wastewater permit, which currently does not require phosphorus reductions. The Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality will include a phosphorus limit in the 2007 permit and require the city to comply within three years, when Oklahoma environmental officials plan to test water quality and possibly pursue more stringent discharge limits.

"No city can feel confident that it can remain at 1 milligram per liter forever," said Miles Tolbert, Oklahoma secretary of environment. "I can see why Siloam Springs wants to do it," Tolbert added. "They can make this one investment and not have to go back in a few years to do another upgrade. What a wonderful thing not to have to worry about this again."

Cameron hopes the federal or state government will help financially with the upgrade.

"This technology is not normal and warrants attention on a federal level as well because this is an issue being dealt with all over the country," he said.

Garver Engineers of Fayetteville is willing to design the plant expansion and seek federal money.

The Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality might not be in a position to help fund the project, according to its director, Marcus Devine. However, he said, "I think their forethought -- thinking ahead of the curve -- is impressive."

Voluntary efforts to comply with ideal water standards through a new kind of treatment plant provides a model for both states dealing with the phosphorus issue.

"They have looked under every rock to see what technology's out there," said Ed Fite, administrator of the Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission, who helped the city select Garver Engineers.

"Siloam Springs realizes to sustain economic activity that's going on and quality of life they have to ... approach wastewater treatment needs on a proactive basis," Fite said.

Fite commended Fayetteville as well for spending $125 million on treatment facility upgrades to release phosphorus at the compromise limit.

"They are actually discharging less than that, getting close to the number we want," Fite said.

Oklahoma battled Fayetteville in the U.S. Supreme Court and won a 1992 ruling that upstream states can be required to meet the water quality standards of a downstream state.
Print Version

Climate Change Inevitable -- Is Our Duty To Reverse It!!

Gerald Meehl. "Even if we stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations, the climate will continue to warm, and there will be proportionately even more sea level rise. The longer we wait, the more climate change we are committed to in the future."

This is a alarming statement!! You see what is the use for us to cry over these?? For what is happening & about to happen is not just would be gone away by talking about it. Kyoto Accord!! is suppose to get all into actions. But these are far from getting countries to put act together.

In my opinion, reducing the Carbon dioxide is the key issue!! So looking at the actions to stop:

Coal Fire Power Plant

Fossil Fuel Power Plant

Hydroelectric Power Plant..etc.

The world must take seriously in:

Stop Cutting Trees

Planting Trees & Reforrestations Today.

So that we would have more Oxygen & clean water for our future generation.

Climate Change Inevitable

[Climate Change Inevitable]
Even if all greenhouse gases had been stabilized in the year 2000, we would still be committed to a warmer Earth and greater sea level rise in the present century, according to a new study by a team of climate modelers at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The findings are published in this week's issue of the journal Science.
The modeling study quantifies the relative rates of sea level rise and global temperature increase that we are already committed to in the 21st century. Even if no more greenhouse gases were added to the atmosphere, globally averaged surface air temperatures would rise about a half degree Celsius (one degree Fahrenheit) and global sea levels would rise another 11 centimeters (4 inches) from thermal expansion alone by 2100.

"Many people don’t realize we are committed right now to a significant amount of global warming and sea level rise because of the greenhouse gases we have already put into the atmosphere," says lead author Gerald Meehl. "Even if we stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations, the climate will continue to warm, and there will be proportionately even more sea level rise. The longer we wait, the more climate change we are committed to in the future."

The half-degree temperature rise is similar to that observed at the end of the 20th century, but the projected sea level rise is more than twice the 3-inch (5-centimeter) rise that occurred during the latter half of the previous century. These numbers do not take into account fresh water from melting ice sheets and glaciers, which could at least double the sea level rise caused by thermal expansion alone.

The North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, which currently warms Europe by transporting heat from the tropics, weakens in the models. Even so, Europe heats up with the rest of the planet because of the overwhelming effect of greenhouse gases.

Though temperature rise shows signs of leveling off 100 years after stabilization in the study, ocean waters continue to warm and expand, causing global sea level to rise unabated.

The paper concludes with a cogent statement by Meehl: "With the ongoing increase in concentrations of GHGs [greenhouse gases], every day we commit to more climate change in the future. When and how we stabilize concentrations will dictate, on the time scale of a century or so, how much more warming we will experience. But we are already committed to ongoing large sea level rise, even if concentrations of GHGs could be stabilized."

The inevitability of the climate changes described in the study is the result of thermal inertia, mainly from the oceans, and the long lifetime of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Thermal inertia refers to the process by which water heats and cools more slowly than air because it is denser than air.

The new study is the first to quantify future committed climate change using "coupled" global three-dimensional climate models. Coupled models link major components of Earth's climate in ways that allow them to interact with each other. Meehl and his NCAR colleagues ran the same scenario a number of times and averaged the results to create ensemble simulations from each of two global climate models. Then they compared the results from each model.

The scientists also compared possible climate scenarios in the two models during the 21st century in which greenhouse gases continue to build in the atmosphere at low, moderate, or high rates. The worst-case scenario projects an average temperature rise of 3.5°C (6.3°F) and sea level rise from thermal expansion of 30 centimeters (12 inches) by 2100. All scenarios analyzed in the study will be assessed by international teams of scientists for the next report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, due out in 2007.

The NCAR team used the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), developed by NCAR and the Department of Energy, and the new Community Climate System Model (Version 3). The CCSM3 was developed at NCAR with input from university and federal climate scientists around the country and principal funding from the National Science Foundation (NCAR’s primary sponsor) and the Department of Energy. The CCSM3 shows slightly higher temperature rise and sea level rise from thermal expansion and greater weakening of the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic. Otherwise, the results from the two models are similar. The models were run on supercomputers at NCAR and several DOE labs and on the Earth Simulator in Japan.

How to prepare a planet for global warming

The situations of These Green House effects is alarming.

It is necessary to do something to stop these to prevent our heirs from the suffering.

In my opinions,

we need to stop the Lodging of Trees.

Plant more Trees.

Stop using fossil fuel for energy generations

Encourage people to eat fruits & vegetables instead of Animal meats. Such as Breef.

Restore of rivers & natural terrains

Build homes & buildings with energy saving technology.

..etc.

How to prepare a planet for global warming
Convinced the phenomenon is inevitable, some scientists now focus on coping with it.

By Peter N. Spotts | Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor

Scientists have long warned that some level of global warming is a done deal - due in large part to heat-trapping greenhouse gases humans already have pumped skyward.

Now, however, researchers are fleshing out how much future warming and sea-level rise the world has triggered. The implicit message: "We can't stop this, so how do we live with it?" says Thomas Wigley, a climate researcher at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo.

One group, led by Gerald Meehl at NCAR, used two state-of-the-art climate models to explore what could happen if the world had held atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases steady since 2000.

The results: Even if the world had slammed on the brakes five years ago, global average temperatures would rise by about 1 degree Fahrenheit by the end of the 21st century. Sea levels would rise by another 4 inches over 20th-century increases, just from expansion of the warming water. Rising sea-levels would continue well beyond 2100, even without adding water from melting glaciers and ice sheets. The rise highlights the oceans' enormous capacity to absorb heat and its slow reaction to changes in atmospheric conditions.

The team ran each model several times with a range of "what if" concentrations, as well as observed concentrations, for comparison.

Temperatures eventually level out, Dr. Meehl says in reviewing his team's results. "But sea-level increases keep on going. The relentless nature of sea-level rise is pretty daunting."

Dr. Wigley took a slightly different approach with a simpler model. He ran simulations that capped emissions, as well as concentrations, at 2000 levels. And he ran his calculations out to the year 2400. If concentrations are held constant, warming could exceed 1.8 degrees F. by 2400. If annual emissions are held at 2000 levels, warming could range from nearly 4 degrees to roughly 11 degrees F. The outcome depends on how sensitive the climate truly is to changes in greenhouse gases.

Wigley also calculates rates of sea-level rise. These range from 4 inches per century when limiting greenhouse- gas concentrations, to nearly 10 inches if annual emissions are held at 2000 levels. In this case, melting glaciers and ice sheets are taken into account.

The two researchers add that far from holding steady, concentrations of greenhouse gases continue to rise. Thus, at best, the results point to the least change people can expect, they say.

Both studies were published in Friday's edition of the journal Science.

The idea that some level of global climate change from human activities is inevitable is not new. But the word has been slow to make its way into the broader debate.

"Many people don't realize we are committed right now to a significant amount of global warming and sea-level rise. The longer we wait, the more climate change we are committed to in the future," Meehl says.

These studies are part of a wider effort to build the basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's next set of reports, slated for release in 2007.

While the concept of climate-change commitment isn't new, these fresh results "tell us what's possible and what's realistic" and that for the immediate future, "prevention is not on the table," says Roger Pielke Jr., director of the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research at the University of Colorado at Boulder.

To Pielke and others, this means adaptation should be given a much higher priority that it's received to date. "There's a cultural bias in favor of prevention," he says. But any sound policy includes preparation as well, he adds. "We have the scientific and technological knowledge we need to improve adaptation" and apply that knowledge globally.

How to prepare a planet for global warming | csmonitor.com

Fla. lawmaker's toilet paper tax likely to tank

The suggestions sound good intension. However, I felt that these fall short of addressing the issues of ground water pollutions.

Perhaps the best way is examing the cause of these pollutions or contaminations, then apply penalty to those who committed to the offence.

Also impose a 1.5% Levy for water pollutions control fund.



Fla. lawmaker's toilet paper tax likely to tank
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

March 12, 2005

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. - The Florida Legislature is flush with good ideas.

Sen. Al Lawson's latest involves a way to pay for wastewater treatment and help small towns and counties upgrade their sewer systems.

The Democrat from Tallahassee is proposing a 2-cent-per-roll tax on toilet paper.

"We've got 17 million people in this state and all of them can contribute to protecting our underground water supply," he said.

In a Republican-dominated Legislature that doesn't like new taxes, the idea could end up in the tank pretty quickly.

Senate President Tom Lee said he didn't think it would get too far, but didn't rule it out. "We'll be getting to the bottom of it real soon," he said.

Lawson's been enduring plenty of jokes - bathroom humor, you might say - but he says it's a serious issue. Even if the proposal passes the Legislature, it would need approval from Gov. Jeb Bush. The president's brother said if toilet paper is taxed, people might use less of it.

"That's not necessarily a good thing," he said.

Newsday.com: Fla. lawmaker's toilet paper tax likely to tank

BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Himalayan glaciers 'melting fast'

This report further confirmed about the conscern of Global Warm & the "Green House Effects".

There should be more immediate action to:

1. Plant more Trees worldwide

2. Reduce & EliminateThe Use of Fossil Fuels

3. Use More Solar, Wind or Fuel Cells Energy for offices, Homes & Industries

4. Cut down the number of Automobil

5. Encourage More Vege & fruits consumption.

6. Cut down on Meat & Poultry farmming.

7. Stop Cutting Trees worldwide.



Himalayan glaciers 'melting fast'
Melting glaciers in the Himalayas could lead to water shortages for hundreds of millions of people, the conservation group WWF has warned.

In a report, the WWF says India, China and Nepal could experience floods followed by droughts in coming decades.

The Himalayas contain the largest store of water outside the polar ice caps, and feed seven great Asian rivers.

The group says immediate action against climate change could slow the rate of melting, which is increasing annually.

"The rapid melting of Himalayan glaciers will first increase the volume of water in rivers, causing widespread flooding," said Jennifer Morgan, director of the WWF's Global Climate Change Programme.

"But in a few decades this situation will change and the water level in rivers will decline, meaning massive eco and environmental problems for people in western China, Nepal and northern India."

'Catastrophe'

The glaciers, which regulate the water supply to the Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Mekong, Thanlwin, Yangtze and Yellow rivers, are believed to be retreating at a rate of about 10-15m (33-49ft) each year.

The world faces an economic and development catastrophe if the rate of global warming isn't reduced
Jennifer Morgan, WWF
Hundreds of millions of people throughout China and the Indian subcontinent - most of whom live far from the Himalayas - rely on water supplied from these rivers.

Many live on flood plains highly vulnerable to raised water levels.

And vast numbers of farmers rely on regular irrigation to grow their crops successfully.

The WWF said the potential for disaster in the region should serve to focus the minds of ministers of 20 leading industrialised nations gathering in London for two meetings on climate change.

"Ministers should realise now that the world faces an economic and development catastrophe if the rate of global warming isn't reduced," Ms Morgan said.

Temperatures rising

She added that a study commissioned for the WWF indicated that the temperature of the earth could rise by two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels in a little over 20 years.

Allowing global temperatures to rise that far would be "truly dangerous", Ms Morgan said.

Nepal, China and India are already showing signs of climate change, the WWF report says.

Nepal's annual average temperature has risen by 0.06 degrees Celsius, and three snow-fed rivers have shown signs of reduced flows.

Water level in China's Qinghai Plateau wetlands have affected lakes, rivers and swamps, while India's Gangotri glacier is receding by 23 metres each year.
BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Himalayan glaciers 'melting fast'